Galls, Diseases, and Pests - Unknown Manzanita Woodborers
These "galls" are likely a response to pests--in this case, woodborers. As one expert put it, manzanitas are the "poster child" for disturbance response in plants found in California. "Disturbance response" means that they have built-in ways of regrowing after a calamity--like a wildfire. Some manzanitas have burls at ground level that will regenerate the plant after a fire. In this example, burl-like tissue growth is happening in the branches. Upon opening up the branch where the growth is occurring, I found bores through the branch and woodborer larvae. So the speculation is that because the plant was "disturbed" by the woodborers, it kicked into survival mode, and that caused new and unusual tissue growth on the manzanita.
Notice how most of the extra growth is centered around branch joints.
Surprisingly--to me at least--the 'extra' growth brushed off quite easily.
The exposed growing tissue looks a lot like you would expect to see in a burl.
The inside of the branch beneath the gall/burl growth on the surface.
The bore from the woodborer is obvious in this photo.
There are two bores through this section of branch, but they are not as obvious.
I think these are larval and/or egg cases in the wood bore. They might belong to a woodborer from the genus Agrilus; Agrilus arbuti has been documented in manzanita in California.
This is a larva I found in one of the wood bores. It is shown with the tip of a toothpick for scale. It might be from the genus Lyctus, but neither type of woodborer I've shown has had any ID confirmation by experts.